Traditional Chinese Medicine and Knee Pain

Pain & Musculoskeletal · ICD-10 M25.561

Knee pain (膝痛, ICD-10 M25.561) is a common problem, especially in older adults and those who use their knees heavily. It may involve pain going up or down stairs, clicking sounds, swelling, or morning stiffness. Causes vary and can include joint wear, overuse, or injury. This information is for general understanding and is not a personalized diagnosis.

The TCM perspective

Traditional Chinese Medicine relates knee pain to "Bi Syndrome" (痹证), in which Wind, Cold, and Damp invade the joint and obstruct the flow of Qi and Blood. In older adults there is often underlying Kidney Yang Deficiency, leaving the knee poorly nourished, and in those with past injuries there may be Blood Stasis. TCM care focuses on dispelling Wind-Cold-Damp, nourishing the Kidneys, and opening circulation to help ease discomfort.

TCM patterns

• Wind-Cold-Damp Bi — Heavy, stiff pain that worsens in cold or damp weather and feels relieved by warmth.
• Kidney Yang Deficiency — Chronic knee weakness with cold-type pain and aversion to cold, commonly seen in older adults.
• Blood Stasis — Clearly localized pain, often with a history of injury or heavy knee use, that stabs with movement.

General self-care

• Maintain a healthy body weight to reduce the load on the knee joints.
• Gently strengthen the thigh muscles to support the knee, and choose low-impact exercise such as swimming or cycling.
• Avoid prolonged kneeling, squatting, or sitting cross-legged on the floor, and use stairs carefully.
• Keep the knees warm in cold environments and apply warmth when they feel stiff.

When to consult a doctor

• A knee that is swollen, red, and hot, or pain so severe you cannot bear weight on it.
• Severe pain after an injury or fall, or a loud pop heard in the knee at the moment of injury.
• A knee that locks or gives way while walking.
• Symptoms that do not improve within a few weeks or that interfere with walking and daily life.

This content is provided for general knowledge only. It is not individual medical advice and does not guarantee any result. Appropriate care should follow an assessment by a licensed TCM practitioner. For severe or emergency symptoms, see a doctor or call 1669.

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